Abstract

The window of action to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C, or to keep it below 2°C, is closing. The systemic nature of the problem, and the magnitude and urgency of the change require the transformation of current economic and social systems. In the short term we need to focus on the implementation, enhancement and acceleration of the available tools and technologies. At the same time we need to invest in research and development of further solutions. For the effective implementation of these measures we must redirect the economic resources already available and mobilize additional ones from both the public and private sectors. In this framework the investment programs to exit the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic represent an opportunity not to be wasted in order to trigger the change needed for the ecological transition. Finally, we must not forget that for some sectors or geographical areas the transition will be not be easy, and that public policies must ensure compliance with criteria of equity, transparency and participation.