Abstract

Ports play a pivotal role in the development process within a rapidly changing economic landscape. The pandemic, coupled with the recent Russo-Ukrainian conflict, has challenged the resilience of port services, prompting the need for widespread policy reform at the port level. This article extensively explores the dynamics of industrial policies, aiming to analyse how port governance can enact structural change. By analysing existing literature, the article explores the roles of ports in international trade and highlights the growing importance of port resilience. The need for technological, infrastructural, and environmental reforms emerges to improve resilience as a key characteristic of maritime outlets