Abstract

Seafaring is a demanding profession, characterised by environmental stressors such as noise, extreme temperatures, ship movements and jet lag. However, a particular challenge for seafarers is living with the same crew for long periods of time, which often affects their quality of life on board. The male-dominated culture of the sector, which promotes traditional masculinity and occasional bullying, further complicates matters. This study explores how seafarers’ sensitivity to diversity affects their quality of life at sea. Data were collected from 292 Italian seafarers between January and August 2023. The predominantly male sample, (95.2% male) with an average age of 40.63 years and 16.26 years of sea service, represented different ranks in deck and engine departments. An online questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, stress sensitivity, sleep patterns, burnout, and job satisfaction. Latent class analysis revealed three groups of seafarers based on their responses to diversity and shared spaces. Class 1 (10.6%) was highly sensitive to all stressors, while Class 3 (45.5%) had moderate levels of stress related to shared spaces, interpersonal conflict, and language barriers. Class 2 (43.8%) had the lowest stress levels in these areas. ANOVAs were performed to assess differences between groups on psychological well-being indicators (stress sensitivity, sleep-wake cycle problems, burnout, and organisational satisfaction). Class 1 reported lower job satisfaction and higher perceptions of a negative work environment than Class 2, while Class 3 denoted no significant differences with other classes. In summary, seafarers’ sensitivity to diversity significantly affects their well-being, consistent with the Minority Stress Model. It is critical to acknowledge and address these diversity-related stressors. Creating an inclusive, non-discriminatory work environment can improve the quality of life for seafarers from diverse backgrounds in the maritime industry