Abstract

The Russian revolution was one of the most important events in the XX Century. Yet its makers had doubts about the very possibility of a proletarian revolution in an underveloped country such as czarist Russia. Marxist doctrine expected revolution in highly industrialized countries. But Lenin and the Bolsheviks took the opportunity of the crisis caused by the war. They prevailed thanks to two strategic choices: to stop the war, and to promise land to peasants. The dissolution of Constituent Assembly gave end to democratic illusions and caused the departure of important Socialist and even Communist exponents. The myth of revolution, however, lasted until the end of the Urss in 1991.