Abstract

Anti-Semitism is rooted in a millennial tradition of anti-Judaism, which had great influence on the modern German philosophy as Christian, patriotic or anthropological anti-Judaism. Nevertheless, it shows a significant shift since it leaves aside religious grounds and accentuates patriotic and anthropological considerations in terms of imperialism and racism. The turning point took place in the mid-nineteenth Century. Its most representative figure was Wilhelm Marr, whose work led to the affirmation of the concept of «anti-Semitism» in the context of the Berlin Congress (1878).