Keywords

• Different cities hosted very different types of protests
• depending on the nature of the spaces under occupation. By building a movement that focused on actual public space
• the Occupy movements did indeed evolve a new form of articulating citizenship by strategically deploying public spaces in the construction of a larger movement for democratic citizenship. But the ambiguous role that the commitment to physically occupying space played within the different urban factions of the larger movement
• and the failure of these simultaneously-enacted
• city-based protests to link larger citizenship concerns to social or legal rights to permanently occupy physical spaces
• also limited the power of the movement both locally and nationally
• further reflecting divisions within the movement about its larger political purpose. Although increased mobility in space can enable acts of protest
• just as public spaces can serve as symbolic sites for enacting citizenship
• the question of whether these and other built environmental factors will motivate political dissatisfaction remains an open question. When physical space for protest becomes a rare commodity
• a cityâ€
• ™
• s democratic and civic spheres are also under threat