Keywords

• During the 14th century
• Siena's butchers set in montion three revolts against the city government.
• Certainly
• although the most famous occurred against the Nine in 1318
• this government
• despite its long duration (1287-1355)
• faced serious forms of political dissent on more than one occasion. The city's guilds
• even the strong one of butchers and animal dealers
• had no access to the government
• although they were not formally excluded from it.
• However
• butchers' rebellions cannot be considered artisans' or workers' revolts
• because the butchers always acted jointly with judges
• notaries and powerful magnates &ndash
• and not only against the government of the Nine. Starting from the so-called 1318 rebellion
• current research is studying Sienese butchers and their conspiracies throughout the 14th century