Abstract

As can be appreciated from the numerous threats to data stored, processed, and sent across cyberspace, digital data are a valuable resource. The most visible threat is cybercrime, but it is the inherently fragile nature of digital data that makes us vulnerable. What exposes people to risk - witness profiling and surveillance, and online reputational damage - is the constant interaction between the virtual and the real, coupled with a lack of computational transparency and the information asymmetry between those who use digital technologies and those who control them. Neutrality and transparency must be protected by law if we are to have inclusive cybersecurity and data protection, making sure that people are secure not only their physical surroundings but also in virtual space.