Positivism and naturalism dominate until the early twentieth century. Jurists, political scientists, historians believe in the principle of continuous and slow evolu­tion of society and law. Then, within a few years, this idea is replaced by the doc­ trines of clash, of rapid changes, of the weight of individual energies: the humus that gives birth to the turbulent events of the century (Scialoja, Ravà, Orlando, Lo­ria, Brugi, de Francisci, Morasso, Lacerba).