Abstract

For Mongolia, as for other East European countries, 1989 was the year of a double transition: toward a free market economy and toward a political life marked by party pluralism. Moreover, at the economic level, as a result of the massive exploitation of the resources of its rich subsoil - mainly of all oil and coal, and then copper, molybdene and tungsten - in 2002 the GNP started soaring and reached over 10 million dollars in 2009.