OPEN ACCESS
Are Indian cities spending enough? Evidence from Mumbai and Bengaluru
Abstract
This paper assesses the expenditure needs of two of India’s megacities, Mumbai and Bengaluru, using a normative approach. The paper aims to assess the extent of underspending or surplus spending on services and finds that both cities are underspending on services with respect to capital expenditure. However, for operation and maintenance of services, Mumbai is actually spending more than the normative standard, while Bengaluru continues to underspend.
Keywords
- Public Expenditure
- Public Services