Abstract

Corporate neutrality are increasingly limiting an employee’s religious freedom. In this regard, French, Belgian, and German national case law has departed from the anti-discrimination protection outlined by the Court of Justice of the EU in 2017. Specifically, national courts require that neutrality policies be linked to concrete needs and the risk of harm to the business, and apply a balance between religious and business freedom that prefers the identity of the worker. The Court of Justice of EU upheld most of the arguments of domestic case law in its ruling of July 15, 20