Abstract

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in acknowledging the concept of human dignity (keramat-e ensani), has entrusted its interpretation to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) of Shia practice. Shia fiqh uses concepts like waqf and adam-e velayat to safeguard dignity, emphasising human value, equality, and freedom in social and political activities, while also restraining a shar’i state from encroaching on Muslims’ private and social spheres, other than on religious grounds.