Abstract

The three International Congresses of Philosophy held in Italy are presented – the 4th, Bologna 1911; the 5th, Naples 1924 and the 12th, Venice and Padua 1958 – with a focus on Tuscan philosophical culture. The review shows the liveliness of Italian philosophy and its openness to international dialogue in three distinct phases of its history, marked by the clash between “scientific philosophyµ and neo-idealism that will affect the political future of Giolitti’s Italy (1911), by the post-war cultural and political crisis that will lead to the affirmation of the fascist regime (1924), and by the difficult cultural and political repositioning of Italy after World War II, permeated by the debate on existence, language and reason