Abstract

For many years, cybersecurity has been considered primarily as a pure technological challenge. Cybercrime, cyberespionage, cyberterrorism, offensive use of cyberspace by nation-states have been interpreted and perceived as perils aimed above all at ICT infrastructures, systems and digital resources. Meanwhile, cyberthreats go beyond this conventional thinking. There is another dimension that needs to be addressed by the nation-states and the international community - information warfare conducted in cyberspace targeting for human perception. Especially because of the geopolitical context, Poland and the CEE region is at the forefront of these threats. The article aims to analyse the multi-layered challenges originating from cyberspace with the special focus on the information warfare. In order to do that, several case studies relating to Poland will be presented. The text elaborates also on Russian activities in the information realm.