Keywords

• The essay gives a general survey and examines some special aspects. It starts with four exemplary cases from Marburg in 1527-28
• significant for the early problems: individual adherents of the Reformation found shelter in a territory which had become Protestant and
• on the other hand
• Catholic monks unwilling to open up to the new ideas had to leave town and territory. It then sketches the great migration movements that started with Calvinist refugees from the Netherlands in the 1540s
• were then accompanied by various waves of refugees from the continent to England and vice versa
• and reached their culmination in the 1570s in the times of the Counter-Reformation
• especially in the Habsburg lands.
• The paper then describes the judicial problem regarding the right to emigrate
• depicts the discussion about emigration as a matter of conscience and a moral issue
• and finally addresses the problem of the emigrantsâ€
• ™
• integration in their new surroundings