Abstract

This paper presents Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) as a technique that can combine the data-driven approach of exploratory factor analysis with the theory-driven approach of confirmatory factor analysis to promote rational use of a methodology that can support a clearer representation of the complexity of psychological constructs. The article explains how to estimate, compare, and interpret ESEM models to guide practitioners in applying this analysis. Specific types of ESEM are presented as useful strategies to expand the applicability of this technique within more complex analytic frameworks. Some critical issues and areas of application that require further research are discussed to encourage critical analysis of the empirical evidence.