Abstract

In order to enhance working memory and executive functions that decline in aging, the use of practical training and adaptive training has been previously proposed. However, researches are very heterogeneous and do not clearly establish the most appropriate procedures for achieving this objective. The review investigates what makes this type of trainings more effective. For example, the utility of adaptive training to directly exercise the target function or the importance of giving a continuous feedback to participants, have emerged. Finally we present the critical points observed in studies and consider possible future directions.